Soccer: We use game results from the top 5 soccer leagues in Europe: English Premier League, French Ligue 1, German Bundesliga, Italian Serie A, and Spanish La Liga. The first season included in our dataset is 1970/71 for the English Premier League, 1980/81 for the French Ligue 1, 1963/64 for the German Bundesliga, 1960/61 for the Italian Serie A and the Spanish La Liga. We also consider a combined dataset composed of all games of the above national leagues plus games played in the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, UEFA Conference League, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, and the UEFA Super Cup among teams from those five top leagues. The first season covered by the combined dataset is 1980/81. In all the datasets, the last season covered is 2023/24 (the last season covered in the
paper is 2019/20).
Basketball: We use NBA game results since season 1946/47. Additional games from the ABA are included between the 1967/68 and 1975/76 seasons. The last season covered for NBA is 2023/24 (the last season covered in the
paper is 2019/20).